Primitive Reflexes in Adults: What They Are and How They Affect Brain Function
Primitive reflexes, such as the startle reflex or grasping reflex, are essential for an infant’s early development. These automatic movements help babies navigate their environment and develop basic motor skills. By early childhood, however, these reflexes should naturally integrate into higher brain functions.
When primitive reflexes persist or reappear in adulthood, it can be a sign of neurological dysfunction, often caused by traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), chronic stress, or other factors. These retained reflexes can interfere with balance, coordination, vision, and even cognitive function, keeping the brain stuck in a “survival mode” rather than allowing it to function optimally.
Why Do Primitive Reflexes Persist in Adults?
Primitive reflexes are controlled by the brainstem, which governs basic survival responses. As the brain develops, higher-level functions in the cortex should take over. However, events like TBIs, chemical or emotional stress, or other disruptions can reactivate these reflexes or prevent them from integrating properly.
When these reflexes stick around, they can disrupt sensory processing, motor coordination, and balance, making everyday tasks more challenging.
Common Retained Reflexes and Their Effects:
1. Moro Reflex (Startle Reflex)
Exaggerated reactions to sudden noises or movements.
Difficulty calming down after being startled.
2. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)
Affects balance and posture.
Tipping the head backward can cause hyperextension, while tipping it forward may result in a loss of balance.
3. Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Turning the head causes one arm to extend and the other to bend.
Issues with posture, fine motor skills, and tasks requiring coordination, like typing.
4. Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
Interferes with coordination between the upper and lower body.
Difficulty with movements like transitioning from sitting to standing.
5. Spinal Galant Reflex
Triggered by stimulation along the spine, causing the body to curve toward the stimulus.
Linked to sensory processing challenges and discomfort from certain clothing textures.
How Do Retained Reflexes Affect Daily Life?
When primitive reflexes are retained, they interfere with higher-level brain functions, leading to:
Balance and Coordination Issues: Poor posture, frequent falls, and difficulty with physical tasks.
Vision Challenges: Disrupted eye tracking, double vision, and trouble focusing.
Cognitive Impairments: Memory, attention, and problem-solving difficulties due to an overactive brainstem.
How Are Retained Reflexes Treated?
The good news is that primitive reflexes can be addressed through targeted exercises. These interventions retrain the brain, helping it integrate reflexes and develop proper pathways for movement and sensory processing.
Examples of Interventions:
Balance Training: Exercises that stimulate the vestibular system to improve posture and stability.
Eye-Tracking Drills: Activities that improve eye movement, focus, and coordination.
Vestibular Exercises: Head and body movements to stimulate inner ear function and improve sensory integration.
Cerebellar Training: Strengthening coordination and motor control through targeted movements.
Though progress takes time, these interventions can lead to significant improvements in motor skills, vision, and cognitive function.
Final Thoughts
Primitive reflexes are an essential part of early development, but when retained into adulthood, they can create significant challenges. For individuals dealing with the effects of a brain injury, chronic stress, or unexplained difficulties with balance and coordination, addressing these reflexes may be the key to unlocking better brain function.
By re-training the brain to integrate these reflexes, it’s possible to regain balance, coordination, and cognitive clarity, improving overall quality of life.
To learn more about Primitive reflexes, take my course, Unraveling the Brain for Parents!
Connect with me on my socials!